Who’s who in mental health care?
Psychiatrist
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who specialises in mental health. Psychiatrists are trained to understand mental
health difficulties primarily from a medical and biological perspective. They are qualified to prescribe medication
and may recommend medical treatments such as antidepressants or other psychiatric medicines as part of care. In the
UK, psychiatrists often work within the NHS or private medical services and may work alongside therapists rather than
providing talking therapy themselves.
Psychologist
Psychology is the scientific study of how people think, feel, behave and relate to others. Psychologists are trained
in psychological theory and research methods, and use this knowledge to understand emotional and mental health
difficulties. Some psychologists work primarily in research or assessment, while others provide psychological
therapies, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), within clinical settings.
Psychotherapist
Psychotherapists are trained in one or more recognised therapeutic approaches and use talking therapies to help
people explore emotional difficulties, patterns of relating, and life experiences. Approaches may include
psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), EMDR, or other evidence-based models. Therapy may
be short-term or longer-term, depending on individual needs.
Counsellor
The term counsellor is often used interchangeably with psychotherapist in the UK. Counsellors are trained to offer
talking therapies in a supportive and confidential setting, helping people reflect on their experiences, emotions,
and relationships. Training backgrounds and therapeutic approaches can vary.